CAMP "Peace, NO WAR"

1^st day : Having workshop

- shows the powerpoint of war

- video shown

- ask opinion

2^nd day : Poster competition

At the second day, poster competition was held. About 30 students taking part in this competition. The theme of the poster was Peace, No war. Students were given 2 hours to finish their works. The referees for the competition are the experienced art teachers. They are Miss Cathy Lai, Mdm Siti and En Kamarudin. The champion of the competition will be given a set of stationary, a voucher cost RM50 from ABSD bookstore and a voucher cost RM20 from the koperasi. The 2rd and 3nd of the competition will be given a set of stationary, a voucher cost RM30 and RM 20 respectively. The namelist of the winner are as follow:

1.

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3.

3^rd day: Exhibition

At the third day, an exhibition was carried on in the school hall. In this exhibition, all the students had shown their own works about the War. In this exhibition have several corners: History of nuclear war, Hiroshima & Nagasaki, What is nuclear war, How does the nuclear form and etc. They showed the pictures and information. One group of the students from 4S1 showed the model of the Uranium Bomb. They explained how the Uranium Bomb forms. All the students from the school come visit the exhibition with the guide of their form teacher. Around 380 students include teachers attended the exhibition. The exhibition was start from 8a.m. until 2p.m.

21 SEPT- (921) -WORLD PEACE DAY

May Peace Prevail On Earth!

The United Nations' International Day of Peace - marked every year on September 21 - is a global holiday when individuals, communities, nations and governments highlight efforts to end conflict and promote peace.

Established by U.N. resolution in 1982, "Peace Day" has grown to include millions of people around the world who participate in all kinds of events, large and small.

The International Day of Peace, also known as the World Peace Day, occurs annually on September 21. It is dedicated to peace, or specifically the absence of war, such as might be occasioned by a temporary ceasefire in a combat zone. It is observed by many nations, political groups, military groups, and peoples. The first year this holiday was celebrated was 1981.

To inaugurate the day, the "Peace Bell" is rung at UN Headquarters. The bell is cast from coins donated by children from all continents. It was given as a gift by the Diet of Japan, and is referred to as "a reminder of the human cost of war." The inscription on its side reads: "Long live absolute world peace."

More about Peace ONE DAY~ Please visit http://www.peaceoneday.org/en/welcome

References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace

http://www.internationaldayofpeace.org/

ACTION: DemonStration of Peace

(This movie about the demostration of peace held on 15 FEB 2003)

Another DEMONSTRATION of PEACE

5 AUG 2006

In 100,000 strong London demonstration: "No peace in Middle East until threats to Syria and Iran are abandoned"

Up to 100, 000 people took part in the anti-war demonstration in London on Saturday August 5, 2006 demanding an immediate ceasefire in the US and UK supported war waged by Israel against Lebanon and the immediate withdrawal of the Israeli soldiers from Lebanon.

The protest was supported by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), British Muslim Initiative, Palestinian Solidarity Campaign, Lebanese community organisations and hundreds of national and local organisations in the UK.

The Campaign Against Sanctions and Military Intervention (CASMII) in Iran took part in the demonstration supporting the following demands:

- Immediate and Unconditional Ceasefire

- Hands off Lebanon

- Freedom for Palestine

- Don't Attack Syria

- Don't Attack Iran

- Immediate Negotiations with Iran without any Preconditions

references: http://payvand.com/news/06/aug/1094.html

Causes of Nuclear War

BAD Causes of Nuclear War

Countless Death

Example: Within the first two to four months of the bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. The Hiroshima prefectural health department estimates that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes

FATAL INJURED -Keloids-

After the burns and wounds of those injured by the A-bomb had once seemed to be healed, the scars became thick and produced growths known as Keloids. The keloids were seen in 50-60% of those exposed to thermal heat rays within 2 km from the hypocenter. Keloids are said to be associated with radiation. Keloids left permanent scars on the victims' mind and bodies. Those with keloids on their faces more suffered mentally and those with keloids on their backs and shoulders hesitated to show their skin. A lot of people in Hiroshima were seen wearing long-sleeve shirts even in the summer.

A woman with keloids on her back and arms (October, photographed by the U. S. Armed Forces)

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Sadako Sasaki (above) and the note she wrote down her blood count in her sickbed.

SICKNESS -Leukemia-

Leukemia is a malignancy of hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells, in which leukocytes greatly increase, causing loss of their normal functions and weaken immunity to infectious diseases. Although those who were not exposed to A-bomb can develop leukemia, the incidence of leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was found to be significantly high among those who had been closely exposed at a young age, and leukemia became to be widely recognized as a aftereffect caused by radiation.

Leukemia incidences peaked during the 1950's and was considered a typical atomic bomb disease and gave hibakusha a strong anxiety. Sadako Sasaki, a student of Noborimachi junior high school, suddenly developed leukemia and died at the age of 12 in the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital on October 25, 1955. Her classmates erected a monument called the "Children's Peace Monument" for her and for all children who died as a result of the A-bomb.

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SICKNESS -Prenatal Exposure-

In 1946, women who were exposed to radiation close to the hypocenter during pregnancy gave birth to babies with small heads. It was found as they grew up that most of them had severe mental retardation. This condition is termed "microcephaly." These disabilities happened when foetuses were exposed to radiation at a gestational age of 8-25 weeks (especially 8-15 weeks) because at this stage, the fetal cells are particularly sensitive to radiation. Those foetuses that were exposed to radiation within 2 km from the hypocenter and were born before May 31, 1946 are estimated to be 1,100.

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SICKNESS -Cancer (malignant tumors)-

While occurrence of leukemia decreased during the 1960's, other tumors, such as thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and salivary gland tumors began to occur among A-bomb survivors. It is a fact that radiation is one of the significant factors of inducing cancers, and the incidence of some cancers have a causal relationship to the distance from hypocenter and the radiation dose to which the survivor was exposed. Among the cancers which were confirmed to be related to radiation, there are some kinds which began to increase during 1955 to 1965 such as thyroid cancer, and there are other kinds which began to be remarkable only recently, such as colon cancer and myeloma. It is considered that the younger the age of the survivor at the time of exposure, the greater the risk of cancer.

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SICKNESS -A-bomb Caused Cataracts-

Cataracts show symptoms of clouding of the lens and poor eyesight. They were identified for the first time in the autumn of 1948 in Hiroshima, and in June of 1949 in Nagasaki. Radiation-caused cataracts are different from those resulting from old age. The occurrence of atomic bomb cataracts and the degree of clouding of the lens are causally related to the radiation dose. It is considered that the closer the survivor was exposed to the A-bomb, the greater the risk of cataract.

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[Genetic effect] People have been anxious about the possibility of the genetic effects of radiation. Various research and studies have been conducted from different viewpoints by specialists, but any harmful effects on descendants of hibakusha have not been founded so far.

References: http://www.chugoku-np.co.jp/abom/97e/peace/e/06/bakugeki.htm

Effects of Nuclear Bomb

The effects on the Nuclear War (eg: city of Hiroshima & Nagasaki) are neverending.

The people, buildings and overall landscape were completely obliterated. The four major components of the A-Bomb are Energy, Heat, Blast and Radiation. When combined the result is devastating.

Energy generated by the explosion The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima generated a huge amount of energy when it exploded. The amount of energy generated by the bomb was equivalent to the amount of energy generated by a 15-kiloton TNT explosion. Half of the energy was consumed when the explosion generated an ultra high air pressure which resulted in very strong bomb blast (wind). One third of the energy was consumed when the explosion generated heat, while the rest of the energy was consumed when the explosion generated radiation.

Heat On the ground, beneath the explosion center(hypocenter), the temperature rose to approximately 7,000 degree F. On the stairway of the entrance to a bank, which was 1/8 mile from the explosion center, a man was sitting waiting for its opening. The surface of the stone stairway was changed by the immense heat. The part where the man was sitting remained unchanged because his body absorbed the heat. Roof (ceramic) tiles on houses within 1/3 mile radius from the explosion center melted, and gray stones which contained silicon particles became white. The clothes which people wore were burnt by the heat within 1 1/4 mile radius from the explosion center.

( Bomb Blast)

Bomb blast An ultra high pressure was generated by the explosion. The wind velocity on the ground beneath the explosion center was 980 miles/hr, which is five times stronger than the wind generated by strong hurricanes. The pressure was 3.5 kg per square centi-meter which is equivalent to 8,600 pound per square feet. At a point that was 1/3 mile from the explosion center, the wind velocity was 620 miles/hr; the pressure was 4,600 pound per square feet. Most of concrete buildings inside this range were completely destroyed. Even a mile from the explosion center, where the wind velocity was 190 miles/hr and the pressure was 1,180 pound per square feet, all brick buildings were completely destroyed.

Radiation The explosion generated Alpha, Beta, Gamma and neutron rays. Alpha and Beta rays were absorbed by the air and did not reach to the ground. Gamma and neutron rays were strong enough to reach the ground; thus it was these rays that affected people. Within 1/16 mile radius from the explosion center, most people died within a few hours (even in the case where they were not directly exposed to the heat or wind). Within a half mile radius, most people died within 30 days after the explosion. The people who entered the area within a half mile radius from the explosion center in the first 100 hours after the explosion were also affected by the remaining radiation on the ground. Fortunately it has not been observed that the long term effects of radiation affected A-bomb survivors nor that a radiation exposure caused genetic damages.

Effects of Radiation-Early effects on survivors Within several months to several years after the atomic bombings. Summary Early effects include various acute radiation symptoms. Information on these symptoms was obtained by interviewing more than 100,000 atomic-bomb survivors primarily from 1956 to 1961. Survivor recollections of the traumatic day were highly subjective, possibly resulting in biased data regarding early effects. Among the acute radiation symptoms recalled by survivors, epilation (hair loss) is regarded as the most reliably reported. That is, it is considered to be more objectively remembered than other symptoms, such as vomiting, bleeding from the gums, diarrhea, and purpura. In general, acute radiation symptoms do not appear at low-dose radiation exposures, giving rise to a concept known as a threshold dose. That is, below a certain radiation dose, no acute symptoms occur. This is in contrast to a theory known as the linear dose-response relationship, which is illustrated by malignant diseases, one of the most well established late effects of radiation exposure. This concept implies that the higher the radiation dose, the greater the risk of developing a malignancy.

References: http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~lovenson/Theeffects.html

Nuclear war

HISTORY: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the United States conducted two atomic bombings against Japan in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

By executive order of President Harry S. Truman the U.S. dropped the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" on the city ofHiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed by the detonation of "Fat Man" over Nagasaki on August 9. These are the only attacks with nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.

Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. The Hiroshima prefectural health department estimates that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes. During the following months, large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness. A plausible estimate of the total immediate and short term cause of death, 15–20% died from radiation sickness, 20–30% from flash burns, and 50–60% from other injuries, compounded by illness. Since then, more have died from leukemia (231 observed) and solidcancers (334 observed) attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians.

Six days after the detonation over Nagasaki, on August 15, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, officially ending the Pacific War and therefore World War II.

Qoutes of PEACE

"When the power of love overcomes the love of power the world will know peace" - Jimi Hendrix -

"A people free to choose will always choose peace." -Ronald Reagan-

"An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind." -Mohandas Gandhi-

"Peace is a journey of a thousand miles and it must be taken one step at a time." -Lyndon B. Johnson-